– Introduction
– 5 Common Causes of Refractory Failure
1. Deterioration Due to Length of Service
2. Incompatible Refractory Materials
3. Loss of Support
4. Mechanical Stress
5. Poor Installation or Maintenance
– How to Inspect Furnaces for Damage
– Methods to Repair Refractory
– Case Study: Fired Heater Shutdown Prevented with Hot Refractory Repair
– Conclusion